Warfare in Inner Asian History (500-1800). Leyde, Brill, 2002, 456 p.

Modern chemical warfare: a history.

Recent events including the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks in New York, Washington, DC, and Pennsylvania have illustrated the vulnerability of the United States to terrorist activity. Many experts agree that a chemical or biological event is likely to occur within the continental United States during our lifetime. The anesthesiologist, as well as, emergency medicine provider and critical care specialis...

Environment and social history: Kalahandi, 1800-1950.

History of chemical and biological warfare agents.

Chemical and biological warfare agents constitute a low-probability, but high-impact risk both to the military and to the civilian population. The use of hazardous materials of chemical or biological origin as weapons and for homicide has been documented since ancient times. The first use of chemicals in terms of weapons of mass destruction goes back to World War I, when on April 22, 1915 large...

Pain Sensitivity: An Unnatural History from 1800 to 1965

Who was truly capable of experiencing pain? In this article, I explore ideas about the distribution of bodily sensitivity in patients from the early nineteenth century to 1965 in Anglo-American societies. While certain patients were regarded as "truly hurting," other patients' distress could be disparaged or not even registered as being "real pain." Such judgments had major effects on regimes o...

tWeNtieth-CeNtury CeNtraL asiaN history

Recently opened archives in Central Asia have allowed historians to debunk several myths about the Soviet constitution in that region. Archival research has revealed that indigenous elites were associated with the process of territorial division in the 1920s and 1930s and many of their conflicts were echoed in the central ruling bodies in Moscow. Similarly, field research has undermined the ide...